69 research outputs found
What are GPs' preferences for financial and non-financial incentives in cancer screening? Evidence for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers
We benefited for this research from grants provided by the French National Institute for Cancer (INCa) (INCA_7014). We would like to thank Dr Diane Skatun, Mary Kilonzo, and the three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin
Choice certainty and deliberative thinking in discrete choice experiments : A theoretical and empirical investigation
The Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC) is funded by the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (2015-703549). This paper developed from discussions between Verity Watson and Dean Regier that were funded by the Peter Wall Institute of Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia. Jonathan Sicsic acknowledges funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Unionâs Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE programme coordinated by Campus France. He also benefited for this research from grants provided by the French National Institute for Cancer (Coordinator: Dr Nora Moumjid). The Health Economics Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Care Directorates. The usual disclaimer applies. We thank Aki Tsuchiya, Nicolas Krucien, Thijs Dekker, and all participants to the 5th workshop on non-market valuation for useful comments on previous drafts of the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin
Informing a target product profile for rapid tests to identify HBV-infected pregnant women with high viral loads: a discrete choice experiment with African healthcare workers
BACKGROUND:
Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires infant immunoprophylaxis and antiviral prophylaxis for pregnant women with high viral loads. Since real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a gold standard for assessing antiviral eligibility, is neither accessible nor affordable for women living in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detecting alternative HBV markers may be needed. To inform future development of the target product profile (TPP) for RDTs to identify highly viremic women, we used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and elicited preference and trade-off of healthcare workers (HCW) in Africa between the following four attributes of fictional RDTs: price, time-to-result, diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity.
METHODS:
Through an online questionnaire survey, we asked participants to indicate their preferred test from a set of two RDTs in seven choice tasks with varying levels of the four attributes. We used mixed multinomial logit models to quantify the utility gain or loss generated by each attribute. We attempted to define minimal and optimal criteria for test attributes that can satisfyââ„â70% andââ„â90% of HCWs, respectively, as an alternative to RT-PCR.
RESULTS:
A total of 555 HCWs from 41 African countries participated. Increases in sensitivity and specificity generated significant utility and increases in cost and time-to-result generated significant disutility. The size of the coefficients for the highest attribute levels relative to the reference levels were in the following order: sensitivity (ÎČâ=â3.749), cost (ÎČâ=â-2.550), specificity (ÎČâ=â1.134), and time-to-result (ÎČâ=â-0.284). Doctors cared most about test sensitivity, while public health practitioners cared about cost and midwives about time-to-result. For an RDT with 95% specificity, costing 1 US$, and yielding results in 20 min, the minimally acceptable test sensitivity would be 82.5% and the optimally acceptable sensitivity would be 87.5%.
CONCLUSIONS:
African HCWs would prefer an RDT with the following order of priority: higher sensitivity, lower cost, higher specificity, and shorter time-to-result. The development and optimization of RDTs that can meet the criteria are urgently needed to scale up the prevention of HBV mother-to-child transmission in LMICs
Measure and use of individual preferences for the evaluation of public prevention policies: Series of ERUDITE HDR ERUDITE Accreditation to supervise Ph.D
Ce mĂ©moire synthĂ©tise les travaux de recherche initiĂ©s comme chercheur postdoctoral puis maĂźtre de confĂ©rences au LIRAES (UniversitĂ© Paris CitĂ©) autour de deux axes structurants : (1) lâanalyse des comportements de prĂ©vention primaire et secondaire et des dispositifs publics destinĂ©s Ă les promouvoir et (2) lâĂ©tude des politiques de prĂ©vention et dâaccompagnement de la perte dâautonomie. Les travaux dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans le premier axe ont pour objectif de mieux comprendre les dĂ©terminants individuels de la demande de prĂ©vention, en particulier le dĂ©pistage des cancers et la vaccination qui font lâobjet dâinterventions publiques. Un Ă©clairage est apportĂ© par lâanalyse des prĂ©fĂ©rences individuelles vis-Ă -vis des programmes de prĂ©vention. Ces prĂ©fĂ©rences sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es Ă partir dâexpĂ©riences par choix discrets. LâhypothĂšse principale proposĂ©e dans ces travaux est que le faible recours aux dispositifs de prĂ©vention peut sâexpliquer par une mauvaise adĂ©quation des programmes aux attentes de la population. La modĂ©lisation des prĂ©fĂ©rences permet alors de proposer des pistes dâamĂ©lioration des programmes en vue dâen accroĂźtre la pertinence et lâefficience. Dans le deuxiĂšme axe, lâobjectif est dâanalyser les consĂ©quences Ă©conomiques du vieillissement dans un contexte de demande croissante et dâoffre contrainte des soins de longue durĂ©e. Ainsi, jâanalyse les dĂ©terminants de la consommation dâaide professionnelle ou familiale, les besoins de soins des populations fragiles, la mesure et les dĂ©terminants du vieillissement en bonne santĂ©. Du cĂŽtĂ© de lâoffre, mes travaux sâintĂ©ressent aux problĂšmes de ressources humaines dans le secteur des soins de longue durĂ©e et aux effets indĂ©sirables quâils peuvent engendrer. Mes projets de recherche visent Ă mieux comprendre les prĂ©fĂ©rences des offreurs de soins et de la population en termes dâinnovations organisationnelles et technologiques destinĂ©es Ă amĂ©liorer lâaccĂšs aux soins ou leur pertinence du point de vue des acteurs impliquĂ©
Impacts of economic incentives in general practice : Analysis of doctorsâ preferences and motivations
Cette thĂšse sâintĂ©resse Ă plusieurs questions posĂ©es par lâintroduction et la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation, en France, dâincitatifs Ă©conomiques de type P4P appliquĂ©s Ă la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale. Ces schĂ©mas incitatifs (CAPI, ROSP) ont pour objectif dâamĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© des soins, mais ils sont dĂ©battus en termes dâefficience et dâeffets indĂ©sirables potentiels. Dans un premier temps, nous Ă©valuons lâimpact du CAPI sur diffĂ©rents indicateurs de la qualitĂ© des soins : la durĂ©e de la consultation et le dĂ©pistage des cancers. Puis, nous Ă©tudions les modalitĂ©s dâune meilleure implication du mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste (MG) dans le dĂ©pistage des cancers, en appliquant la mĂ©thodologie des choix discrets. Enfin, nous analysons la relation entre motivations intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques des MGs français. Nous montrons que le CAPI nâa pas eu dâimpact significatif sur les indicateurs de qualitĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s et que les MGs seraient sensibles Ă dâautres dispositifs non monĂ©taires potentiellement moins coĂ»teux. Enfin, nous mettons en Ă©vidence une relation de substituabilitĂ© entre motivations intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques. Ces rĂ©sultats invitent Ă davantage de prudence dans la dĂ©finition des incitatifs Ă©conomiques en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale.This thesis addresses several issues raised by the introduction in France of economic incentives such as pay-For-Performance applied to general practice. These incentive schemes are designed to improve the quality of care, but they are discussed both in terms of effectiveness and potential side effects. Initially, we assess the impact of the CAPI scheme on various indicators of quality of care: the consultation length and cancers screening. Then, using the discrete choice experiment methodology, we reveal general practitioners (GPs) preferences for devices aimed at improving the early detection of cancers. Finally, we analyse empirically the relationship between French GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. We show that the CAPI has not had a significant impact on the selected quality indicators. In addition, GPs would be sensitive to potentially less costly nonmonetary devices. Eventually, we highlight a negative relationship between GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Our results call for greater caution in the definition of economic incentives in general practice
Impacts des incitatifs économiques en médecine générale : Analyse des préférences et des motivations des médecins
This thesis addresses several issues raised by the introduction in France of economic incentives such as pay-For-Performance applied to general practice. These incentive schemes are designed to improve the quality of care, but they are discussed both in terms of effectiveness and potential side effects. Initially, we assess the impact of the CAPI scheme on various indicators of quality of care: the consultation length and cancers screening. Then, using the discrete choice experiment methodology, we reveal general practitioners (GPs) preferences for devices aimed at improving the early detection of cancers. Finally, we analyse empirically the relationship between French GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. We show that the CAPI has not had a significant impact on the selected quality indicators. In addition, GPs would be sensitive to potentially less costly nonmonetary devices. Eventually, we highlight a negative relationship between GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Our results call for greater caution in the definition of economic incentives in general practice.Cette thĂšse sâintĂ©resse Ă plusieurs questions posĂ©es par lâintroduction et la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation, en France, dâincitatifs Ă©conomiques de type P4P appliquĂ©s Ă la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale. Ces schĂ©mas incitatifs (CAPI, ROSP) ont pour objectif dâamĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© des soins, mais ils sont dĂ©battus en termes dâefficience et dâeffets indĂ©sirables potentiels. Dans un premier temps, nous Ă©valuons lâimpact du CAPI sur diffĂ©rents indicateurs de la qualitĂ© des soins : la durĂ©e de la consultation et le dĂ©pistage des cancers. Puis, nous Ă©tudions les modalitĂ©s dâune meilleure implication du mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste (MG) dans le dĂ©pistage des cancers, en appliquant la mĂ©thodologie des choix discrets. Enfin, nous analysons la relation entre motivations intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques des MGs français. Nous montrons que le CAPI nâa pas eu dâimpact significatif sur les indicateurs de qualitĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s et que les MGs seraient sensibles Ă dâautres dispositifs non monĂ©taires potentiellement moins coĂ»teux. Enfin, nous mettons en Ă©vidence une relation de substituabilitĂ© entre motivations intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques. Ces rĂ©sultats invitent Ă davantage de prudence dans la dĂ©finition des incitatifs Ă©conomiques en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale
Impacts des incitatifs économiques en médecine générale : Analyse des préférences et des motivations des médecins
This thesis addresses several issues raised by the introduction in France of economic incentives such as pay-For-Performance applied to general practice. These incentive schemes are designed to improve the quality of care, but they are discussed both in terms of effectiveness and potential side effects. Initially, we assess the impact of the CAPI scheme on various indicators of quality of care: the consultation length and cancers screening. Then, using the discrete choice experiment methodology, we reveal general practitioners (GPs) preferences for devices aimed at improving the early detection of cancers. Finally, we analyse empirically the relationship between French GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. We show that the CAPI has not had a significant impact on the selected quality indicators. In addition, GPs would be sensitive to potentially less costly nonmonetary devices. Eventually, we highlight a negative relationship between GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Our results call for greater caution in the definition of economic incentives in general practice.Cette thĂšse sâintĂ©resse Ă plusieurs questions posĂ©es par lâintroduction et la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation, en France, dâincitatifs Ă©conomiques de type P4P appliquĂ©s Ă la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale. Ces schĂ©mas incitatifs (CAPI, ROSP) ont pour objectif dâamĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© des soins, mais ils sont dĂ©battus en termes dâefficience et dâeffets indĂ©sirables potentiels. Dans un premier temps, nous Ă©valuons lâimpact du CAPI sur diffĂ©rents indicateurs de la qualitĂ© des soins : la durĂ©e de la consultation et le dĂ©pistage des cancers. Puis, nous Ă©tudions les modalitĂ©s dâune meilleure implication du mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste (MG) dans le dĂ©pistage des cancers, en appliquant la mĂ©thodologie des choix discrets. Enfin, nous analysons la relation entre motivations intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques des MGs français. Nous montrons que le CAPI nâa pas eu dâimpact significatif sur les indicateurs de qualitĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s et que les MGs seraient sensibles Ă dâautres dispositifs non monĂ©taires potentiellement moins coĂ»teux. Enfin, nous mettons en Ă©vidence une relation de substituabilitĂ© entre motivations intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques. Ces rĂ©sultats invitent Ă davantage de prudence dans la dĂ©finition des incitatifs Ă©conomiques en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale
Préférences des médecins généralistes vis-à -vis des mesures incitatives associées aux dépistages des cancers
International audienceIntroductionâ: Les mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes (MG) jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© dans lâoffre de services de prĂ©vention et de dĂ©pistage ciblĂ©, en particulier dans le cas des cancers du sein, du col de lâutĂ©rus et du cĂŽlon. Cependant, leur implication reste limitĂ©e et trĂšs variable selon les mĂ©decins et le type de cancer. En utilisant la mĂ©thodologie des choix discrets, notre objectif est dâanalyser les prĂ©fĂ©rences des MG quant aux leviers susceptibles dâamĂ©liorer leur implication dans le dĂ©pistage de ces trois cancers. MĂ©thodesâ: Un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif de la population des MG français a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ© entre mars et avril 2014â; les 402 participants ont eu Ă rĂ©vĂ©ler leurs prĂ©fĂ©rences sur la base de 12 scĂ©narios de choix construits autour de cinq dispositifs destinĂ©s Ă promouvoir leur activitĂ© de dĂ©pistage. RĂ©sultatsâ: Les MG sont sensibles Ă la fois aux incitations financiĂšres et non financiĂšres, tels que le financement dâune formation ou la transmission bisannuelle dâun listing des patient(e)s ayant Ă©tĂ© dĂ©pistĂ©(e)s. Les prĂ©fĂ©rences varient selon le type de cancer Ă dĂ©pister, les MG Ă©tant relativement plus sensibles aux incitations financiĂšres pour le cancer colorectal et aux incitations non financiĂšres pour les cancers du sein et du col de lâutĂ©rus. Conclusionâ: Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude permettront de mieux dĂ©finir les mesures Ă prioriser et/ou Ă associer aux schĂ©mas existants (dĂ©pistages organisĂ©s, P4P) afin de favoriser de façon plus efficiente lâoffre de dĂ©pistage des cancers en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale
Obstacles to the uptake of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings: what remains to be achieved by French national programmes?
International audienceBackground: In France, equality in access to screening has been one of the main thrusts of public policies implemented between 2009 and 2013 (the national cancer plan). Our aim in this study was to analyse the obstacles to and levers for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening uptake and their trends over time. Methods: Based on representative data from the French Health Care and Health Insurance Survey (three independent, cross-sectional surveys: 2006, 2008, and 2010), multivariate logistic regressions were used to model the association between the nonuse of screening for the three cancers and various independent variables. Then, interactions with survey year dummies allowed the changes in the determinants of these cancer screenings over time to be estimated. Results: Whereas the incentives for screening were strengthened during the period considered, cervical and breast cancer screenings decreased, and colorectal cancer screenings increased sharply (from 18.2% (95% CI = [17.0-19.4]) in 2006 to 38.9% (95% CI = [37.4-40.5] in 2010. Under-users of the three cancer screenings were primarily unskilled workers (OR cervix = 1.64 [1.38-1.95]), individuals without complementary health insurance (OR breast = 2.05 [1.68-2.51]), or individuals with free complementary health insurance who more rarely use outpatient care. Moreover, individuals reporting either risky behaviours, namely heavy smokers (OR colorectal = 1.70) and high-risk drinkers (OR cervix = 1.42) or very safe behaviours, namely neither smoking nor drinking, underused screenings. Despite the implementation of national programmes for breast and colorectal cancer screenings, the disparities and inequalities in screening uptake did not decrease over the study period. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the need for additional primary prevention efforts targeting the identified under-users by focusing on, for instance, individuals with a very healthy lifestyle. Health authorities could also intensify their efforts to promote increased access to screening for the most disadvantaged individuals
Impact of a pay for performance programme on French GPsâ consultation length
Background
In 2009, a voluntary-based pay for performance scheme targeting general practitioners (GPs) was introduced in France through the âContract for Improving Individual Practicesâ (CAPI).
Objective
To study the impact of the CAPI on French GPsâ consultation length.
Methods
Univariate analysis, and multilevel regression analyses were performed to disentangle the different sources of the consultation length variability (intra and inter physician). The dependant variable was the logarithm of the consultation length. Independent variables included patient's sociodemographics as well as the characteristics of GPs and their medical activity.
Results
Between November 2011 and April 2012, 128 physicians were recruited throughout France and generated 20,779 consultations timed by residents. The average consultation length in the sample was 16.8 min. After adjusting for patientsâ characteristics only, the consultation length of CAPI signatories was 14.1% lower than that observed for non signatories (p < 0.001). After adjusting for GPsâ characteristics and the case mix, the CAPI was no longer a significant predictor of the consultation length. The results did not change significantly from one type of consultation to another.
Conclusion
Although the CAPI was extended to all GPs in 2012, our results provide a cautionary message to regulators about its ability to generate higher quality of care
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